Workers’ compensation insurance is one of the most important coverages for New York business owners. It protects employees by covering medical bills and lost wages when injuries occur on the job—and it protects employers by limiting lawsuits from workplace accidents.
Yet many business owners don’t fully understand how the rules work, especially when it comes to contractors, cash workers, and cross-state employment. Misunderstandings can lead to severe financial penalties, uncovered claims, and potential lawsuits.
Below are ten of the most common—and often misunderstood—questions about workers’ compensation insurance in New York, along with clear answers every business owner should know.
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1. Are independent contractors covered if they don’t have their own insurance?
Generally, independent contractors are not automatically covered under your policy. However, New York has very strict definitions of who qualifies as an “independent contractor.” If they are working under your direction, using your tools, and not operating an independent business of their own, the Workers’ Compensation Board may reclassify them as your employee. If they don’t carry their own valid workers’ comp insurance, you could be held liable.
Takeaway: Always obtain a certificate of insurance from independent contractors showing proof of coverage—or risk being responsible for their claims.
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2. Are day laborers covered if paid in cash?
Yes. The method of payment does not matter. If you hire someone to perform work—even for a single day—and they are injured, they are considered your employee under the law. Paying cash does not exempt you from workers’ compensation requirements. In fact, the Workers’ Compensation Board frequently targets cash payrolls for audits and penalties.
Takeaway: If you’re using day labor, make sure they are properly insured or run the risk of uncovered claims and significant fines.
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3. Are 1099 workers covered if they do not have insurance?
Much like independent contractors, 1099 status does not protect you if the worker is really functioning as an employee. The IRS and the New York Workers’ Compensation Board apply different tests, but if the worker is under your supervision and does not have their own workers’ comp, you will be treated as their employer.
Takeaway: If you issue 1099s, double-check that these workers truly qualify as independent. If not, you must provide coverage.
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4. If a company has their workers’ comp with the New York State Insurance Fund and the employee works in New Jersey for a couple of weeks, then is injured and files a claim in New Jersey because they live there, would they have coverage?
This is a tricky situation. Most New York workers’ comp policies—especially through the State Insurance Fund—only provide coverage for work in New York. If the employee was temporarily working in New Jersey and files their claim there, coverage may not apply. To avoid this problem, your policy should include Other States Coverage or a separate New Jersey policy.
Takeaway: If your employees ever work outside New York, talk to your broker about multi-state coverage.
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5. What happens if a worker gets injured, comes back to work the next day, then after 45 days disappears and 8 months later they file a workers’ comp claim directly with the Workers’ Comp Board?
New York law generally gives employees two years to file a claim. Even if they seemed fine after the injury, they can still file later. As long as they can demonstrate the injury was work-related and notify the Board, the claim may be valid.
Takeaway: Always document every workplace incident, no matter how minor. File a First Report of Injury with your carrier to protect your business in case of delayed claims.
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6. Are owners, partners, and members of an LLC automatically covered under workers’ comp?
No. In New York, sole proprietors, partners, and members of an LLC are not automatically covered. They must elect to cover themselves. This can be critical for businesses where the owner also performs physical work.
Takeaway: If you’re actively working in your business, strongly consider electing coverage for yourself.
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7. What are the penalties for not carrying workers’ compensation insurance in New York?
The penalties are severe. Businesses without coverage face fines of up to $2,000 for every 10 days of noncompliance. In addition, owners can be held personally liable for medical bills and lost wages of injured workers. Criminal charges are also possible.
Takeaway: Never let your workers’ comp lapse—even for a short period.
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8. If an employee is intoxicated or using drugs when injured, will workers’ comp still cover them?
In most cases, yes. Workers’ comp in New York is a no-fault system, which means benefits are generally paid regardless of who is to blame for the accident. The only exceptions are if the injury was intentional or caused by a deliberate attempt to harm oneself or others.
Takeaway: Do not assume intoxication disqualifies a claim. Carriers may reduce benefits in some cases, but coverage usually still applies.
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9. Can an employee sue their employer even if workers’ compensation benefits are provided?
Generally, no. Workers’ comp is designed to be the exclusive remedy for workplace injuries. However, employees may still sue if the employer failed to carry insurance or in rare cases involving gross negligence.
Takeaway: Having proper coverage protects you from lawsuits. Without it, you are exposed to both claims and lawsuits.
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10. Are volunteers covered under workers’ comp?
In most cases, volunteers are not covered, unless specifically included under the policy or required by law (for example, volunteer firefighters). However, if you “pay” volunteers in any way—cash, gift cards, stipends—they may be deemed employees.
Takeaway: Clarify with your carrier whether volunteers are included or excluded, and avoid offering payments that could trigger employee classification.
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Final Thoughts
Workers’ compensation is not just a legal requirement in New York—it’s a vital protection for your business. Misclassifying workers, ignoring cash labor, or failing to secure multi-state coverage can expose you to devastating claims and penalties.
By understanding how the system works and closing coverage gaps, you can protect both your employees and your company’s future.
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About BGES Group
At BGES Group, we are workers’ compensation insurance specialists covering New York businesses of all sizes and industries. Unlike large, factory-style agencies, we provide personal, boutique-level service that business owners love. We review your policies in detail, identify gaps, and make sure you’re fully protected while keeping costs manageable.
If you’re a contractor, small business owner, or company with workers in multiple states, you need an insurance partner who understands the complexities of New York workers’ comp. That’s us.
📞 Contact: Gary Wallach
📧 Email: bgesgroup@gmail.com
📱 Phone: 914-806-5853
🌐 Website: www.bgesgroup.com